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[Lezlie Brumbaugh]

The region includes 13 island nations, from the Bahamas in the north to Trinidad and Tobago in the south; Belize, which is geographically located in Central America; and the two nations of Guyana and Suriname, located on the north main coast of South America. Lots of countries in the area share a common African ethnic and British colonial heritage, while Cuba and the Dominican Republic were Spanish colonies, Haiti was French, and Suriname was Dutch. The dates of independence of these nations vary from Haiti in 1804 to St. Kitts and Nevis in 1983. The largest countries in terms of land location are Guyana and Suriname, while those with the biggest populations are Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti.

Politically, all Caribbean countries, with the exception of communist Cuba, have actually elected democratic governments. Most of the former British colonies have parliamentary forms of government, with the exception of Guyana, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Suriname, which are republics headed by presidents. In terms of regional combination, 14 of the area's independent nations belong to the Caribbean Neighborhood (CARICOM), with the exception of the Dominican Republic (which has observer status) and Cuba. CARICOM was formed in 1973 to spur local economic combination. Some critics argue that it has actually been slow to promote combination, compared to other regional economic groupings, however development has been made in approaching a single economic market and in developing a Caribbean Court of Justice.

The six OECS nations also share a common currency, the Eastern Caribbean dollar, with monetary policy handled by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), headquartered in Barbados, promotes financial development and local integration. With the exception of Cuba and Haiti, regular elections have been the norm, and for the many part have been complimentary and fair. In 2005, Dominica and Suriname held elections in May, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines held elections in December. Haiti was expected to hold elections in 2005, but significant problems and political instability led to those elections being held off numerous times, up until they were ultimately hung on February 7, 2006.

Effective elections ultimately were hung on August 28, 2006, without the political violence that some observers had expected. Looking ahead, parliamentary elections are due in St. Lucia by December 2006, while elections in the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago are due in 2007. (See for a listing of leaders and elections for head of federal government.) Although lots of Caribbean nations have actually maintained long democratic customs, they are not immune from terrorist and other hazards to their political stability. In 1993, stability on St. Kitts was threatened following violent demonstrations after contested elections; order was brought back with the assistance of security forces from neighboring states.

Previously in the 1980s, the federal government of Eugenia Charles in Dominica was threatened by a bizarre coup plot involving foreign mercenaries. And obviously, Grenada, under the socialist-oriented federal government of Maurice Bishop, experienced a break from the democratic norm after it presumed power in a nearly bloodless coup in 1979 and set up a people's innovative government. After the violent topple and murder of Bishop in 1983, the United States stepped in to bring back order and end the Cuban existence on the island. Numerous Caribbean nations experienced an economic downturn in 2001-2002 due to slumps in the tourism and farming sectors, although the majority of Caribbean economies have rebounded because 2003.

financial recession and sluggish recovery. The banana and sugar sectors in the Eastern Caribbean were harmed by a hurricane in 2002 and a dry spell in 2003. Both sectors deal with uncertain futures due to the European Union's plan to phase out favored market access from previous Caribbean nests for bananas by 2006 and for sugar by 2009. The Haitian economy experienced decrease beginning in 2001, with political instability worsening currently hard financial conditions in the hemisphere's poorest nation. The greatest carrying out economies in recent years have actually been those of https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200115005652/en/Wesley-Fin... the Dominican Republic, sustained by the garments sector, and Trinidad and Tobago, with considerable energy resources.

In 2004 and 2005, the region's strongest economic performers averaging growth rates over 5% for those two years, were Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Those nations not faring well in 2004 since of ravaging typhoons and hurricanes consisted of Haiti, with a 3. 5%% decrease in gross domestic product (GDP), and Grenada, with a GDP decline of 3%. For 2005, nevertheless, Grenada's economy rebounded with development over 5%, while Haiti's growth was 1. 8%. In Guyana, financial growth has actually been stagnant or very little over the past numerous years. In 2005, the economy decreased 3% because of high oil costs and floods, which early in the year badly impacted farming and mining activities.

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However, some observers have also been worried about the region's high level of public financial obligation, with a number of Caribbean countries having debt levels that surpass 100% of their GDP. U.S. interests in the Caribbean vary, and consist of financial, political, and security concerns. Throughout the Cold War, security issues tended to eclipse other policy interests. In the consequences of the Cold War, other U.S. policy interests emerged from the shadow of the East-West dispute in the Caribbean that concentrated on concerns about the Soviet and Cuban hazard. U.S. policy priorities moved from one stressing security concerns to a new concentrate on strengthened economic relations through trade and financial investment.

interest in the Caribbean. The Administration describes the Caribbean as America's "third border," with events in the area having a direct impact on the homeland security of the United States. It explains Caribbean nations as "important partners on security, trade, health, the environment, education, regional democracy, and other hemispheric concerns." The United States has close relations with many Caribbean nations, with the exception of Cuba under Fidel Castro. The U.S.-Caribbean relationship is defined by extensive financial linkages, cooperation on counter-narcotics efforts and security, and a considerable U.S. foreign support program supporting a range of projects to reinforce democracy, promote economic development and advancement, ease hardship, and combat https://www.inhersight.com/companies/best/reviews/salary?_n=112289587 the AIDS epidemic in the region. Customs and Border Defense of the Department of Homeland Security. The CSI program assists ensure that high-risk containers are recognized and examined at foreign ports before they are put on vessels for delivery to the United States. In September 2006, three Caribbean ports became operational CSI ports: Caucedo, Dominican Republic; Kingston, Jamaica; and Freeport, Bahamas. Other Latin American ports in the CSI program are the Central American port of Puerto Cortes, Honduras, and the South American ports of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Santos, Brazil. In the 108th Congress, a legislative initiative called for extra foreign support in order to enhance foreign port security worldwide, however no final action was finished prior to completion of the session.

2279 (Hollings), in September 2004, which would have attended to the Administrator of the Maritime Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of State, to recognize foreign assistance programs that could assist in implementation of port security antiterrorism procedures in foreign countries. The act also would have required a report on the security of ports in the Caribbean Basin, consisting of an evaluation of the efficiency of the procedures used to better security at such ports and an assessment of the resources and program modifications needed to make the most of security at Caribbean Basin ports. In the 109th Congress, 2 expenses would attend to foreign help programs for Caribbean Basin ports.

744 (Nelson, Costs), introduced April 11, 2005, would develop a Caribbean Basin Port Help Program. Under the legal initiative, the Administrator of MARAD in the Department of Transport, in coordination with the Secretary of State, would identify foreign support programs that might assist in application https://www.inhersight.com/companies/best/industry/financial-services of port security antiterrorism steps at Caribbean Basin ports. The Administrator and the Secretary would establish a program for such help in consultation with the Company of American States. In addition, the Secretary of Homeland Security would be required to send a report to Congress on status of port security in Caribbean Basin countries. S. 1052 (Stevens), the Transportation Security Improvement Act of 2005, consists of an arrangement (Area 504) that would establish a program to assist in application of port security antiterrorism steps in foreign countries, with specific focus on ports in the Caribbean Basin; this bill was introduced May 17, 2005, and reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on February 27, 2006 (S.Rept.

2791 (Stevens), presented May 11, 2006. Rising criminal offense is a major security challenge throughout the Caribbean. The murder rate in Jamaica continues to skyrocket, with 1,445 individuals killed in 2004 and more than 1,600 people in 2005. With rate of 60 murders per 100,000 inhabitants in 2005, Jamaica had the highest murder rate worldwide. In late February 2006, Jamaicans were stunned over the brutal killings of six household members, including 4 kids in the western part of the nation. High levels of violent criminal