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The area includes 13 island countries, from the Bahamas in the north to Trinidad and Tobago in the south; Belize, which is geographically located in Central America; and the two countries of Guyana and Suriname, situated on the north central coast of South America. Many countries in the region share a typical African ethnic and British colonial heritage, while Cuba and the Dominican Republic were Spanish colonies, Haiti was French, and Suriname was Dutch. The dates of independence of these nations range from Haiti in 1804 to St. Kitts and Nevis in 1983. The largest countries in terms of acreage are Guyana and Suriname, while those with the biggest populations are Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti.

Politically, all Caribbean nations, with the exception of communist Cuba, have elected democratic governments. The majority of the former British nests have parliamentary forms of government, with the exception of Guyana, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Suriname, which are republics headed by presidents. In regards to regional combination, 14 of the region's independent countries belong to the Caribbean Neighborhood (CARICOM), with the exception of the Dominican Republic (which has observer status) and Cuba. CARICOM was formed in 1973 to stimulate regional economic integration. Some critics argue that it has actually been slow to promote combination, compared to other regional financial groupings, but progress has been made in moving toward a single economic market and in establishing a Caribbean Court of Justice.

The 6 OECS nations likewise share a typical currency, the Eastern Caribbean Get more info dollar, with monetary policy handled by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank. The Caribbean Advancement Bank (CDB), headquartered in Barbados, promotes economic development and local integration. With the exception of Cuba and Haiti, routine elections have been the standard, and for the most part have actually been complimentary and reasonable. In 2005, Dominica and Suriname held elections in Might, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines held elections in December. Haiti was anticipated to hold elections in 2005, however substantial problems and political instability led to those elections being postponed several times, up until they were eventually hung on February 7, 2006.

Effective elections eventually were held on August 28, 2006, without the political violence that some observers had actually prepared for. Looking ahead, parliamentary elections are due in St. Lucia by December 2006, while elections in the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago are due in 2007. (See for a listing of leaders and elections for head of government.) Although many Caribbean countries have actually kept long democratic traditions, they are not immune from terrorist and other risks to their political stability. In 1993, stability on St. Kitts was threatened following violent demonstrations after contested elections; order was restored with the help of security forces from neighboring states.

Previously in the 1980s, the federal government of Eugenia Charles in Dominica was threatened by a strange coup plot including foreign mercenaries. And obviously, Grenada, under the socialist-oriented federal government of Maurice Bishop, experienced a break from the democratic norm after it presumed power in a nearly bloodless coup in 1979 and installed an individuals's revolutionary government. After the violent topple and murder of Bishop in 1983, the United States stepped in to bring back order and end the Cuban existence on the island. Lots of Caribbean countries experienced a financial depression in 2001-2002 due to recessions in the tourism and farming sectors, although the majority of Caribbean economies have rebounded since 2003.

financial recession and sluggish healing. The banana and sugar sectors in the Eastern Caribbean were damaged by a hurricane in 2002 and a dry spell in 2003. Both sectors deal with unpredictable futures because of the European Union's strategy to phase out preferred market access from former Caribbean nests for bananas by 2006 and for sugar by 2009. The Haitian economy experienced decline start in 2001, with political instability exacerbating already challenging financial conditions in the hemisphere's poorest country. The greatest carrying out economies in the last few years have been those of the Dominican Republic, fueled by the clothing sector, and Trinidad and Tobago, with considerable energy resources.

In 2004 and 2005, the area's strongest financial entertainers balancing development rates over 5% for those two years, were Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Those countries not prospering in 2004 due to the fact that of ravaging hurricanes and tropical storms included Haiti, with a 3. 5%% decline in gdp (GDP), and Grenada, with a GDP decrease of 3%. For 2005, however, Grenada's economy rebounded with development over 5%, while Haiti's development was 1. 8%. In Guyana, economic development has actually been stagnant or minimal over the past numerous years. In 2005, the economy decreased 3% since of high oil rates and floods, which early in the year seriously affected agriculture and mining activities.

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Nevertheless, some observers have likewise been worried about the area's high level of public financial obligation, with numerous Caribbean countries having financial obligation levels that go beyond 100% of their GDP. U.S. interests in the Caribbean vary, and include economic, political, and security concerns. Throughout the Cold War, security issues tended to eclipse other policy interests. In the after-effects of the Cold War, other U.S. policy interests emerged from the shadow of the East-West conflict in the Caribbean that concentrated on issues about the Soviet and Cuban danger. U.S. policy top priorities shifted from one stressing security concerns to a brand-new focus on strengthened economic relations through trade and investment.

interest in the Caribbean. The Administration explains the Caribbean as America's "third border," with occasions in the region having a direct impact on the homeland security of the United States. It describes Caribbean countries as "crucial partners on security, trade, health, the environment, education, regional democracy, and other hemispheric issues." The United States has close relations with a lot of Caribbean countries, with the exception of Cuba under Fidel Castro. The U.S.-Caribbean relationship is defined by comprehensive financial linkages, cooperation on counter-narcotics efforts and security, and a significant U.S. foreign assistance program supporting a variety of jobs to reinforce democracy, promote economic growth and development, alleviate poverty, and fight the AIDS epidemic in the area. Customs and Border Security of the Department of Homeland Security. The CSI program assists make sure that high-risk containers are identified and inspected at foreign ports prior to they are put on vessels for delivery to the United States. In September 2006, 3 Caribbean ports ended up being operational CSI ports: Caucedo, Dominican Republic; Kingston, Jamaica; and Freeport, Bahamas. Other Latin American ports in the CSI program are the Central American port of Puerto Cortes, Honduras, and the South American ports of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Santos, Brazil. In the 108th Congress, a legislative effort called for additional foreign help in order to improve foreign port security worldwide, however no final https://www.inhersight.com/companies/best/reviews/salary?_n=112289587 action was finished prior to completion of the session.

2279 (Hollings), in September 2004, which would have offered the Administrator of the Maritime Administration, in coordination with the Secretary of State, to determine foreign help programs that might facilitate execution of port security antiterrorism procedures in foreign nations. The act likewise would have required a report on the security of ports in the Caribbean Basin, including an evaluation of the effectiveness of the steps used to improved security at such ports and an evaluation of the resources and program changes needed to maximize security at Caribbean Basin ports. In the 109th Congress, two costs would offer foreign support programs for Caribbean Basin ports.

744 (Nelson, Costs), presented April 11, 2005, would establish a Caribbean Basin Port Help Program. Under the legal effort, the Administrator of MARAD in the Extra resources Department of Transportation, in coordination with the Secretary of State, would recognize foreign support programs that might facilitate execution of port security antiterrorism procedures at Caribbean Basin ports. The Administrator and the Secretary would develop a program for such help in consultation with the Organization of American States. In addition, the Secretary of Homeland Security would be required to submit a report to Congress on status of port security in Caribbean Basin countries. S. 1052 (Stevens), the Transport Security Improvement Act of 2005, includes an arrangement (Area 504) that would establish a program to facilitate implementation of port security antiterrorism procedures in foreign nations, with specific focus on ports in the Caribbean Basin; this bill was introduced May 17, 2005, and reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transport on February 27, 2006 (S.Rept.

2791 (Stevens), introduced May 11, 2006. Rising criminal activity is a significant security challenge throughout the Caribbean. The murder rate in Jamaica continues to soar, with 1,445 individuals eliminated in 2004 and more than 1,600 individuals in 2005. With rate of 60 murders per 100,000 residents in 2005, Jamaica had the highest murder rate worldwide. In late February 2006, Jamaicans were stunned over the harsh killings of